Kremlin - details and images
Moscow Kremlin (Russian: Московский Кремль) is the best known kremlin (Russian citadel). It is a fortified complex (see the Kremlin Towers) that includes the Kremlin cathedrals and palaces that dominate the Kremlin and Red Square in Moscow. The complex serves as the main official residence and workplace of the President of the Russian Federation.
The place has been inhabited since the second millennium of Christ inante. Origins is a fortified structure Vyatich Borrovitsky Hill where the river flows into the river Neglinnaya Moscow. The Slavs occupied the SW of the hill in the eleventh century, as evidenced by tracks dating from 1090 by Soviet archaeologists discovered there. By the fourteenth century the place was called grad (city) of Moscow. Kremlin town was discovered in 1331 and its etymology is disputed. Grade-has been significantly expanded by Prince Dolgoruky in 1156, destroyed by the Mongols in 1237 and rebuilt from scratch in 1339.
The first stone Kremlin was put in the name of Ivan Kalita in the late 1320 -1330, after Peter, Metropolitan of Russia was forced to move his seat from Kiev to Moscow. Eclestiastica new capital needed churches. Among the churches built include the Assumption Cathedral (1327), the Chapel of St. Peter (1329), Church of St. John Climacus (1329), Church of the Savior Transfiguration Monastery (1330) and Archangel Cathedral (1333). Of these churches, only Savior Cathedral, rebuilt, survived until the twentieth century, only to be demolished on the orders of Stalin in 1933.
Grand Prince Ivan III al-organized reconstruction of the Kremlin, inviting a number of skilled architects from Renaissance Italy, like Pietro Antonio Solari and Marco Ruffo. During his reign were built three of the Kremlin cathedrals. Kremlin walls were built between 1485 and 1495.
After construction of the new Kremlin walls and churches, the monarch decreed that no structure be built not in the immediate vicinity of the citadel. The Kremlin was separated from the commercial town (Kitai-gorod) by a fortification ditch with 30 m wide, over which was built during the Cathedral Veneers Ivan the Terrible. The same tar has renovated some of his grandfather's palaces, added a new palace and a new cathedral for his sons and founded Trinity Church inside the Kremlin.
In time increased (Russian dynastic crisis period), the Kremlin was occupied by Polish forces lituano-time 2 years, between 21 September 1610 and 26 October 1612. Issue Kremlin by volunteer army of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky, strengthened the election of Mikhail Romanov as the new Tsar of Russia. During the reign of his son, Alexis, were built Savior Cathedral, Gate Armour, Terem Palace, amusement park and palace of Patriarch Nikon. After the death of Alexis, the Kremlin has seen the uprising in Moscow in 1682, after which Tsar Peter, barely escaped, causing him to dislike the city's Kremlin forever. Three centuries later, Peter abandons his ancestors residency for his new capital St. Petersburg.
Kremlin walls irregular triangle has an area of 27.5 hectares, and the market is the heart of the Kremlin cathedrals. It is surrounded by six buildings, including three cathedrals. Assumption Cathedral is the oldest, finished in 1479, the largest cathedral in the time and place where they were crowned the country. The massive limestone facade with five golden cupolas was designed by Fioravanti. Cathedral of the Annunciation, with the new gilded dome was completed in 1489. Cathedral of the Archangel Michael (1508) is in the south-east of the market and is the burial place of over fifty members of the Russian royal family. Another important building is the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great found in the north-east of the market, is 81 meters high and is said to mark the center of Moscow. Its 21 bells would sound the alarm in case of danger.
The oldest civil building is the Palace of Facets (1491), where the imperial throne was built by Ivan the Terrible. Next oldest, is home to the royal family, Terem Palace. Terem Palace was first built by Ivan III of Russia, but most of today's construction was completed in the seventeenth century. The first two palaces are linked by the Grand Kremlin Palace. It was commissioned by Nicholas I in 1838. It was the largest building in the Kremlin and cost 11 million rubles. Does reception halls, a ceremonial red staircase and private apartments.
Northern part of the Kremlin is occupied by Arsenal. Arsenal was first built by Peter the Great in 1701. Today's arsenal was built in 1817 after Napoleon's troops destroyed the old building during its invasion of Russia in 1812 failed.
The area northwest of the Kremlin is occupied by building Armureriei. Built in 1851, is today a museum.
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